Electrical breakdown in liquid-phase processing on an enhancement of 7-hydroxymitragynine conversion from mitragynine in Mitragyna speciose (Kratom)

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of the Electrical Breakdown in Liquid-phase (EBL) process on alkaloid transformation in Mitragyna speciose (Kratom) leaves, focusing on the conversion of mitragynine (MG) to 7-hydroxy mitragynine (7-OH-MG) by using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). A novel reactor has been developed to enhance plasma exposure to Kratom leaf powdered solutions during the EBL process. Two distinct electrical voltage characteristics, half-positive and negative half-waves, have been utilized for the EBL, with an output voltage of 4.57 kVpeak at a no-load condition and a frequency of 50 Hz. The experimental findings demonstrate a time-dependent enhancement in the transformation process. The highest yield of 7-OH-MG, reaching 2,485 ± 134 μg/g of dried Kratom leaves weight, has been attained with the EBL processing generated by positive half-wave voltage after 20 min of EBL exposure. Notably, the EBL processing generated by positive half-wave voltage has outperformed the one generated by negative half-wave voltage by a significant factor of 2.01.