In Vitro Study of the Effects of Postbiotic Mouthwash Prototype with Cannabis Extracts on the Reduction of Inflammatory Cytokine: Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of postbiotic mouthwash containing cannabis extracts (CBD) on the reduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in vitro. Material and Methods: Seven mouthwash formulations were prepared using CBD at concentrations ranging from 0.25% to 1.0% v/v. TNF-α reduction was assessed using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model to activate the THP-1 human monocytic cell line (ATCC, TIB202). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was employed to quantify TNF-α. Results: All formulations reduced TNF-α levels compared to the control. The most effective formulations (Preparations 1–4) achieved approximately 91% inhibition. Formulations 5–7 showed inhibition levels of 49.3%, 80.9%, and 82.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The postbiotic mouthwash containing CBD effectively reduced TNF-α levels, indicating its potential for clinical application in inflammation management.