Comparison of the Gut Microbiome between Single-Vessel Disease and Multivessel Disease in Chronic Coronary Syndrome Patients

Abstract

Background: Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) has a high mortality rate worldwide, especially in developing countries. The degree of vessel stenosis and the number of stenotic vessels impact the mortality rate in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Additionally, multivessel disease (MVD) significantly influences clinical outcomes more than single-vessel disease (SVD). Objective: To examine if gut microbial communities could be used as biomarkers to discriminate patients with varying numbers of coronary stenotic vessels. Materials and Methods: Patients between 35 and 70 years old hospitalized at Chulabhorn Hospital were recruited between February 25 and July 15, 2023. Participants were divided into three groups, CCS patients with SVD, CCS patients with MVD, and healthy participants. On the day of the assessment, blood was drawn from each patient. The day before an appointment, the feces of every patient were collected. The present study was cross-sectional. Results: Forty-nine patients were included, and were divided into 11 SVD patients, 19 MVD patients, and 19 healthy participants. The patients were 38.78% female, with a mean age of 59.38±7.66 years, and 48.98% had hypertension. Based on sequencing of the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene, it was revealed that the relative abundance of the Prevotella and Veillonella genera was significantly higher in MVD than in SVD patients. In the present study, MVD patients had differences in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome compared to SVD patients and healthy participants. Conclusion: The development of SVD and MVD is correlated with changes in the gut microbiome, which may create a diagnostic marker of CAD to distinguish MVD patients from SVD patients and may be useful for further therapy and prevention.