Influence of Environmental Factors on Food Poisoning Incidence in Northeastern Thailand’s Border Provinces (2019-2023)

Abstract

Foodborne illnesses, a significant public health burden, particularly affect vulnerable young children. This study addressed the research gap in spatial analysis of food poisoning clusters and environmental associations in five northeastern Thai border provinces. Analyzing 63,202 cases (2019-2023), it aimed to identify clusters, transmission patterns, and environmental correlations. Ubon Ratchathani showed the highest incidence (334.66/100,000), with children 1-5 years most affected (male:female ratio 53.59%:46.41%). Females were more susceptible in older age groups. The spatial distribution of food poisoning cases shows clustering in areas surrounding poultry and pig farms, emphasizing the need for improved hygiene and waste management practices in these locations. Spatial analysis also revealed significant clustering near chili plantations and garbage dumps, highlighting environmental contamination. Agricultural workers comprised 28.87% of cases, indicating occupational exposure. Significant correlations were found between incidence and agricultural practices using fresh animal waste, and inadequate waste management.This study’s findings pinpointed high-risk sub-districts, providing critical data for targeted interventions. This allows for strategic resource allocation, maximizing public health impact. By revealing environmental hazards, it emphasizes the urgent need for improved sanitation, education, and stricter agricultural regulations. Specifically, identifying livestock farming as a key risk enables focused regulatory changes and campaigns, leading to reduced foodborne illness, especially in vulnerable children.