Publication: Characterization of rare earths obtained from monazite concentrate processing and their application in esterification for biodiesel production
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Issued Date
2022
Resource Type
Language
eng
File Type
application/pdf
ISSN
23524847
Rights Holder(s)
Scopus
Bibliographic Citation
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. Vol , No. (2022)
Suggested Citation
Rattanaphra D., Kingkam W., Nuchdang S., Suwanmanee U. Characterization of rare earths obtained from monazite concentrate processing and their application in esterification for biodiesel production. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. Vol , No. (2022). doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2022.05.022 Retrieved from: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14740/10361
Author(s)
Abstract
Rare earths namely lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd) and cerium (Ce) obtained from the monazite concentrate processing were comprehensively characterized using XRF, XRD, FTIR, N2 adsorption–desorption, CO2/NH3-TPD and SEM to reveal their catalytic performance in esterification of oleic acid for biodiesel production. The effect of calcination temperatures (500–1000 °C) on the catalyst properties and biodiesel conversion was also investigated. The catalytic performances of the catalysts were tested under the conditions of catalyst loading 3 wt%, molar ratio of oil to methanol 1:20, reaction temperature 200 °C, stirring rate 600 rpm for 5 h. It is interesting that the Ce catalyst calcined at 1000 °C showed the best performance and the highest FAME content of 78.54% could be achieved, even its acid sites was very low, which is probably associated to the availability of oxygen vacancies at high calcination temperature. The La catalysts calcined at 600 °C exhibited the balancing of strong Lewis acid and Lewis basic sites, which is related to the catalytic activity with FAME content of 74.44%. For the catalytic performance of Nd catalysts, the FAME content of 63.60% was obtained at calcination temperature of 500 °C, which was lower than those La and Ce catalysts. © 2022 The Author(s)