Publication: Piezoelectric composite films for real-time foot strike detection and energy generation
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Issued Date
2025-12-16
Resource Type
ISSN
09244247
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105027006460
Journal Title
Sensors and Actuators A Physical
Volume
396
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Sensors and Actuators A Physical Vol.396 (2025)
Suggested Citation
Panpho P., Charoonsuk T., Vittayakorn N., Charoenthai N., Bongkarn T., Sumang R. Piezoelectric composite films for real-time foot strike detection and energy generation. Sensors and Actuators A Physical Vol.396 (2025). doi:10.1016/j.sna.2025.117128 Retrieved from: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14740/55092
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Energy harvesting technology integrated into running shoes enables the conversion of mechanical energy from foot strikes into electrical signals for real-time monitoring. This approach enhances running efficiency, reduces injury risk, and eliminates the need for external power sources. In this study, composite films combining lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (KNNS-BNZ-xBF) with PDMS were developed for efficient energy harvesting and accurate detection of foot-strike patterns. XRD analysis revealed a broad R–O–T phase coexistence zone (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.006) and a transition to an R–T phase boundary for x > 0.006, with reduced grain size as xBF increased. The sample with xBF = 0.006 mol.% showed optimal electrical properties and was selected for composite film fabrication. Electrical output increased with ceramic loading, reaching maximum open-circuit voltage (V<inf>OC</inf>) and short-circuit current (I<inf>SC</inf>) at 18 wt% KBB due to enhanced piezoelectric response and uniform particle dispersion. The films, mounted on running shoe soles, successfully detected different foot-strike patterns (heel strike, midfoot, and forefoot). This system demonstrates strong potential for wearable sensors in athletic monitoring and injury prevention.