Ocular Biometry Profile and Its Associations with Systemic and Demographic Factors in Thai Cataract Patients

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the differences in ocular biometry between cataract patients with and without systemic diseases and assess relationships between ocular biometry and demographic factors in Thai cataract patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to May 2023 at Rajavithi Hospital, Thailand. Ocular biometry was measured using the IOL Master 700, and demographic data were extracted from medical records. Pearson’s and Spearman correlations assessed relationships between ocular biometry and demographic/systemic factors. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses identified associated factors. Results: The study included 6,330 participants. The most common systemic disease was diabetes (25.7%), followed by hypertension (6.9%), dyslipidemia (5.4%), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (3.0%). Age correlated positively with lens thickness and negatively with axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and central corneal thickness (CCT). Multivariate analysis showed AL decreased with age (β = −0.012, p < 0.001) and was shorter in females (β = −0.193, p < 0.001) and diabetics (β = −0.130, p < 0.001). ACD was shallower with age (β = −0.008, p < 0.001) and in CKD patients (β = −0.079, p = 0.013), while females had shallower ACD (β = −0.159, p < 0.001). LT increased with age (β = 0.018, p < 0.001) and was greater in diabetics (β = 0.044, p = 0.012), CKD patients (β = 0.162, p < 0.001), and females (β = 0.070, p = 0.001). CCT decreased with age (β = −0.279, p < 0.001) but was higher in diabetics (β = 4.905, p < 0.001) and dyslipidemia (β = 6.881, p = 0.003). Conclusion: Ocular biometry varies significantly with gender, systemic diseases (diabetes, dyslipidemia, CKD), and demographic factors among Thai cataract patients. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating systemic disease management into preoperative planning to optimize cataract surgery outcomes.