Biofuel production from pyrolysis oil of fresh palm fruit bunches via atmospheric distillation using a updraft biomass gas stove

Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable energy sources has driven research into alternative biofuels derived from biomass. One promising approach is the production of liquid biofuels through pyrolysis and subsequent distillation, utilizing renewable heat sources. However, challenges remain in optimizing fuel yield, improving combustion efficiency, and minimizing emissions. This study investigates the production of biogasoline and biodiesel from pyrolysis oil derived from fresh palm fruit bunches using an updraft biomass gas stove as a sustainable heat source. The research evaluates biofuel yields, emissions, and fuel properties to assess the feasibility of biomass-based biofuel production. The results indicate that the system successfully produced 20.2% biogasoline, 26% biodiesel, and 53.8% heavy oil, with compositions similar to conventional fuels. However, CO emissions exceeded standard limits during the initial and final combustion stages, while NO<inf>x</inf> remained within acceptable levels. The total CO<inf>2eq</inf> emissions from wood scrap combustion during distillation were 0.33 kg-CO<inf>2e</inf> per batch. Biodiesel’s higher oxygen content enhances stability but may require upgrading to improve fuel quality. These findings highlight the potential of biomass-based heat integration for biofuel refining.