Publication: Anatomy of Cowper’s gland in humans suggesting a secretion and emission mechanism facilitated by cooperation of striated and smooth muscles
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Issued Date
2021
Resource Type
Language
eng
File Type
application/pdf
ISSN
20452322
Other identifier(s)
2-s2.0-85113134703
Rights Holder(s)
มหาวิทยาลัยศรีนครินทรวิโรฒ
Bibliographic Citation
Scientific Reports. Vol 11, No.1 (2021)
Suggested Citation
Muro S., Suriyut J., Akita K. Anatomy of Cowper’s gland in humans suggesting a secretion and emission mechanism facilitated by cooperation of striated and smooth muscles. Scientific Reports. Vol 11, No.1 (2021). doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96130-z Retrieved from: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14740/7931
Author(s)
Abstract
This study presents the detailed anatomy of the Cowper’s gland in humans. Elucidating the mechanism of secretion and emission of the Cowper’s gland requires analysis of the muscles around the Cowper’s gland. We hypothesized that the Cowper’s gland involves not only smooth muscle but also the striated muscles of the pelvic floor. Here, we provide comprehensive and three-dimensional anatomy of the Cowper’s gland and its surrounding structures, which overcomes the current local and planar understanding. In this study, seven male corpses of body donors were used to conduct macroscopic anatomy, histology, and three-dimensional reconstruction. The Cowper’s gland was surrounded laterally and posterosuperiorly by striated and smooth muscles, respectively. The striated muscle bundle was connected from the superficial transverse perineal muscle, levator ani, and external anal sphincter to the external urethral sphincter (rhabdosphincter). The smooth muscle was part of the deep transverse perineal muscle and entered between the bilateral Cowper’s glands and lobules. Our findings indicate that the secretion and emission of the Cowper’s gland in humans are carried out through the cooperation of striated and smooth muscles. © 2021, The Author(s).
Subject(s)
Adult
Anus sphincter
Article
Bladder sphincter
Bulbourethral gland
Cadaver
Clinical article
Histology
Histopathology
Human
Human tissue
Levator ani muscle
Male
Pelvis floor
Perineum
Smooth muscle
Three-dimensional imaging
Aged
Anatomy and histology
Bulbourethral gland
Middle aged
Physiology
Smooth muscle
Striated muscle
Urethra
Very elderly
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Bulbourethral Glands
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Muscle, Smooth
Muscle, Striated
Urethra
Anus sphincter
Article
Bladder sphincter
Bulbourethral gland
Cadaver
Clinical article
Histology
Histopathology
Human
Human tissue
Levator ani muscle
Male
Pelvis floor
Perineum
Smooth muscle
Three-dimensional imaging
Aged
Anatomy and histology
Bulbourethral gland
Middle aged
Physiology
Smooth muscle
Striated muscle
Urethra
Very elderly
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Bulbourethral Glands
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Muscle, Smooth
Muscle, Striated
Urethra