Publication: Validity of Measurement and Causal Model of Online Scam Protection Behavior Among Risk Thai Students
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Issued Date
2025-04-01
Resource Type
eISSN
21658714
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105003743129
Journal Title
European Journal of Educational Research
Volume
14
Issue
2
Start Page
661
End Page
675
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
European Journal of Educational Research Vol.14 No.2 (2025) , 661-675
Suggested Citation
Intarakamhang U., Tuntivivat S., Pattrawiwat K., Prasittichok P., Pichaisamart N., Thaksin S., Wongthong P. Validity of Measurement and Causal Model of Online Scam Protection Behavior Among Risk Thai Students. European Journal of Educational Research Vol.14 No.2 (2025) , 661-675. 675. doi:10.12973/eu-jer.14.2.661 Retrieved from: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14740/20054
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Abstract
This research investigated the validity of measurement and causal model of online scam protection behavior (OSPB) among at risk Thai students. The sample comprised 286 high school students from three demonstration schools under the University. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM). The factor loadings for all items satisfied the standard criteria with scores ranging from .40 to .80, item-total correlations ranging from .405 to .718, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from .773 to .928. The modified model demonstrated a better fit with the empirical data (χ2 = 47.62, df = 37, p = .113, χ2/df = 1.287, RMSEA = .032, SRMR = .028, GFI = .97, CFI = 1.00, NFI = .99). All factors: a) awareness of online risks, b) inhibitory control, c) game-based learning, d) social support, and e) motivation to prevent online scams can predict 81% of OSPB. The motivation to prevent online scams strongly influenced OSPB, with an effect size of .60. Additionally, all factors can predict 88% of the motivation for online scam prevention, suggesting that Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) is a suitable framework for understanding and evaluating Thai students' preventive behaviors in online deception scenarios. This newly developed instrument is highly reliable and can be effectively used by researchers and educators to assess the risk of online fraud victimization among high school students.