Factors associated with dental health care behaviors among elderly patients in lower northern Thailand: A case study of Mueang Phitsanulok Health Center

Abstract

Background: Oral health significantly affects the overall well-being of the elderly, influencing nutrition, communication, and quality of life. Poor oral hygiene can cause infections and dental issues. In Thailand, promoting oral hygiene among the aging population remains a pressing and ongoing public health challenge. Design and methods: This study explores the factors influencing oral health care behaviors among elderly individuals at the Phitsanulok Health Center (Buddhachinaraj Hospital) as a case study of lower Northern Thailand. A total of 365 elderly participants were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that general employment (β = −0.227, p < 0.001), business (β = −0.300, p < 0.001), and government service (β = −0.205, p < 0.001) were negative predictors of oral health care behaviors. In contrast, enabling factors (β = 0.204, p < 0.001), average monthly income (β = 0.200, p < 0.001), and supporting factors (β = 0.142, p = 0.005) had positive effects. These factors together explained 20.02% of the variation in behaviors (p < 0.001), with enabling factors having the strongest influence. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of financial security, access to dental care, and social support in maintaining oral health among the elderly. Enhancing affordable dental services is crucial for low-income seniors. The findings suggest further research into factors influencing elderly oral health and strategies to improve care access. Recommendations include reducing dental costs, creating family-centered health initiatives, involving families in oral hygiene, and enacting policies to support low-income elderly individuals.