Publication: Fracture Resistance of Commercial and Novel Ceramic-Reinforced Polymer Crowns with Luting Cements of Varying Elastic Modulus
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Issued Date
2026-01-01
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eISSN
20734360
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105027288381
Journal Title
Polymers
Volume
18
Issue
1
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Polymers Vol.18 No.1 (2026)
Suggested Citation
Sriprasert N., Krajangta N., Wasanapiarnpong T., Didron P.P., Rakmanee T. Fracture Resistance of Commercial and Novel Ceramic-Reinforced Polymer Crowns with Luting Cements of Varying Elastic Modulus. Polymers Vol.18 No.1 (2026). doi:10.3390/polym18010025 Retrieved from: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14740/55342
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Abstract
This in vitro study investigated the fracture resistance of three ceramic-reinforced polymer (CRP) crowns—Cerasmart<sup>®</sup> 270 (CE; milled), VarseoSmile Crown Plus<sup>®</sup> (VS; 3D-printed) and the newly developed Hassawat-01 (HS; 3D-printed)—luted with cements of different elastic moduli. The principal hypothesis was that neither the CRP type nor the modulus of cement would significantly affect fracture resistance. Ninety-nine mandibular first molar resin dies were restored with 1 mm thick CE, VS, or HS crowns (n = 33 each) and luted with Maxcem Elite<sup>®</sup>, RelyX Unicem<sup>®</sup>, or Ketac Cem<sup>®</sup> (n = 11 per subgroup). Occlusal cement morphology was evaluated using Micro-CT. Fracture resistance was measured using a universal testing machine. Crowns luted with Maxcem or RelyX withstood forces >2000 N without visible failure. Ketac-luted crowns showed reduced fracture resistance. CE-Ketac fractured in 4 of 11 specimens. VS-Ketac exhibited cracks or complete fractures (1795.2 ± 156.7 N), whereas HS-Ketac showed only superficial cracking (1732.6 ± 127.3 N). CRP crowns luted with lower-modulus resin cements demonstrated superior fracture resistance compared with those luted with glass-ionomer. VS exhibited both cracking and occasional complete fractures, whereas HS exhibited only surface cracking. All materials withstood loads greater than typical masticatory forces, supporting HS as a promising alternative within the CRP.