Behavioral Theories and Health Literacy Influencing Oral Health Behaviors: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background/ problem: The impact of periodontal diseases on oral health is globally recognized. Preventing their onset and progression depends on appropriate oral health behaviors (OHBs). Understanding the factors enhancing OHBs is essential for developing effective oral hygiene interventions to improve oral health outcomes. Objective/ purpose: This review aims to investigate the comprehensive factors influencing OHBs specifically in working-age adults who exhibit distinct characteristics compared to other generations. To date, no prior systematic review has been conducted for this age group. Design and Methodology: This systematic review utilized various databases to collect articles published from January 2013 to August 2023, concentrating on adults aged 18 to 65 years. The study assessed OHB outcomes and clinical examination of dental plaque. Articles were selected based on the PICO framework, and their quality was evaluated using the JBI critical appraisal tool. Results: Out of the 22 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, experimental studies predominantly focused on theory–based interventions, including self–efficacy and theory of planned behavior (TPB). Among the cross–sectional studies, a significant association was found between oral health literacy (OHL) and OHBs. Additionally, socioeconomic factors such as education, age, income, and residency were identified as influencing OHBs. Conclusion and Implications: This review identifies various factors associated with OHBs. It underscores the importance of integrating psychological and sociological perspectives into oral health promotion strategies. Effective interventions may target self–efficacy, leverage the TPB framework, enhance OHL, or incorporate a combination of these approaches while acknowledging the influence of socioeconomic status on OHBs.