Occupational and Environmental Health Risks and Quality of Life of Solid Waste Workers in Nakhon Nayok, Thailand

Abstract

Solid waste workers face diverse occupational and environmental risks that threaten health and well-being, yet evidence on their quality of life (QOL) in Thailand remains limited. This cross-sectional study assessed risks, QOL, and associated factors among 73 waste workers in Nakhon Nayok Province. Data were obtained using a structured questionnaire covering occupational exposures and the WHOQOL-BREF-THAI. Multiple linear regression with stepwise selection adjusted for confounders, reporting coefficient (B), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p-values. Participants were predominantly male (98.6%), mean age 41.7 years (SD = 10.9). Major risks included sharp-object injuries (63.4%), infectious waste exposure (79.5%), and musculoskeletal pain (87.7%). Overall, 54.8% reported good QOL. Domain analysis showed moderate QOL in physical health (54.8%) and social relationships (50.7%), while psychological (72.6%) and environmental (71.2%) domains were favorable. Regression revealed significantly lower QOL among workers with non-communicable diseases (B = –11.161; 95% CI: –19.358 to –2.964; p = .008) and those working ≥8 hours/day (B = –8.543; 95% CI: –15.047 to –2.040; p = .011). Waste workers face major risks that lower QOL, especially with chronic illness and long hours. Preventive measures including health screening, ergonomic training, reduced work hours, and municipal occupational health services are urgently required.