Fabrication of titanium dioxide nanotubes by difference the anodization voltage and time

Abstract

In this paper, Titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TNAs) were obtained by electrochemical anodization in the electrolyte containing 0.3 wt% solution of ammonium fluoride in 90 ml of ethylene glycol and 10 ml of deionized water. Following this the different conditions of voltage (5-50 V) and time (30 min - 2 h) at room temperature. The morphology, composition, and crystalline phases of the TNAs were examined by Field Emission Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), respectively. The results of the experiment show that anodizing time and anodizing potential affected the formation of TNAs. When anodizing potential increased anodizing time decreased but when anodizing potential decreased anodizing time increased. Moreover, the formation of titanium dioxide starts becoming tubes at 10 V. Also, the diameter of the TNAs were about 10-100 nm. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.