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Title: | Arsenic levels in human hair, Kandal Province, Cambodia: The influences of groundwater arsenic, consumption period, age and gender |
Authors: | Sthiannopkao S. Kim K.-W. Cho K.H. Wantala K. Sotham S. Sokuntheara C. Kim J.H. |
Keywords: | Arithmetic mean Arsenic concentration Arsenic levels Cambodia Certain factor Dominant species Groundwater consumption Human bodies Human hair Human hair samples Linear relationships Median value Toxicity risk assessments Arsenic Hydrogeology Risk assessment Risk management Groundwater arsenic carcinogen drinking water groundwater pollution hair health risk linearity pollution exposure public health risk assessment toxicity Cambodia Kandal Oroxylum indicum |
Issue Date: | 2010 |
Abstract: | This study focused on the analysis of As levels in human hair samples collected from six villages in the Kandal Province of Cambodia. Of interest were the influence of, and interactions among, certain factors affecting As intake into the human body: As concentrations in groundwater, period of groundwater consumption, age and gender. The results revealed As levels in human hair ranging from 0.06 to 30 μg g-1 with median and arithmetic mean values of 0.61 and 3.20 μg g-1 (n = 68), respectively. Furthermore, a linear relationship was found between As concentrations in human hair and in the local groundwater. Arsenic (III) is the dominant species in Kandal groundwater, constituting in most cases at least 60% of the total As. Arsenic concentration ranged from 5 to 1543 μg L-1, with the median value 348 μg L-1 and arithmetic mean 454 μg L-1. In large rural, poor areas holding most of Kandal's 1.1 million people, up to 2 in 1000 people are believed to be at risk of cancer through the As-enriched water they drink. A toxicity risk assessment provides a hazard quotient (HQ) equaling 5.12, also a clear indication of non-carcinogenic exposure risk. On the authors' visit to Kampong Kong commune, Kandal Province, cases of arsenicosis were diagnosed in patients as a result of drinking As-enriched groundwater. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
URI: | https://ir.swu.ac.th/jspui/handle/123456789/14778 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-72449163926&doi=10.1016%2fj.apgeochem.2009.10.003&partnerID=40&md5=4161edbb7937bda6e1ff8fe11d09f8df |
ISSN: | 8832927 |
Appears in Collections: | Scopus 1983-2021 |
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